Jun. 17, 2024
Globe valves are linear motion valves that regulate fluid flow in pipelines. They are named for their spherical body shape, which houses a movable disk or plug mechanism. This mechanism controls the flow of fluid by closing, opening, or partially obstructing the valve&#;s flow path.
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They are widely-used flow control devices in various industrial applications, and designed to regulate the flow of fluids, such as liquids, gases, and steam, in a flow stream a piping system. With their unique construction features and reliable performance, globe valves have gained popularity in industries such as oil and gas, power generation, chemical processing, and water treatment.
Globe valves are named after their spherical body shape, which houses a movable disc or plug, a stationary seat, and a stem. The stem connects the disc to an external handwheel or actuator. When the handwheel is turned or the actuator is activated, it moves the stem and disc either closer to or farther from the seat, thus controlling the flow rate and pressures.
There are three main types of globe valves, each with distinct characteristics:
Straight pattern globe valves have a linear flow path, with the inlet and outlet ports aligned vertically. The main components include a spherical body, a movable disc or plug, a stationary seat, and a stem connecting the disc to an external handwheel or actuator. The fluid enters from the port at the bottom and exits from the top of the valve, with the disc moving up and down to regulate the flow.
In angle pattern globe valves, the inlet and outlet ports are oriented at a 90-degree angle to each other. This design allows the fluid to change direction within the valve, making them ideal for situations where a change in flow direction is required or when space is limited. The main components are similar to those of a straight pattern globe valve: a body, a disc, a seat, and a stem. However, the flow path is bent within the angle pattern globe valve body, creating a 90-degree angle between the inlet and outlet ports.
Y-pattern stainless steel globe valves feature a 45-degree angle between the inlet and outlet ports. This design reduces pressure drop and turbulence within the valve, making them suitable for high-pressure and high-temperature applications or when minimizing erosion is critical. The main components of a Y-pattern, steel globe valve include a Y-shaped body, a disc, a seat, and a stem. The flow path is inclined at a 45-degree angle, which helps reduce flow resistance and minimize wear on the valve components.
Globe valves consist of several key components:
Globe valves are used across various industries, including:
Common applications include:
Proper installation, maintenance, and troubleshooting of globe valve control systems are essential for ensuring their optimal performance and longevity. By following best practices and addressing issues as they arise, you can maintain the reliability and efficiency of your globe valve system.
Globe valves should be installed with the disk facing upwards to ensure proper seating and minimize wear. This orientation also facilitates easier maintenance and inspection.
Regular maintenance is essential to extend the globe valve lifespan and ensure optimal performance. Maintenance tasks include:
Proper troubleshooting is essential for identifying and resolving issues with globe valves. By addressing problems promptly and accurately, you can ensure the reliable and efficient operation of your valve system. Below are some common issues encountered with globe valves and their potential solutions:
Issue: Fluid leakage is observed around the valve stem.
Solution: First, attempt to tighten the packing gland to compress the packing material and create a better seal. If the leakage persists, replace the packing material or consider repacking the entire valve.
Issue: Fluid leakage is detected at the flange connections.
Solution: Inspect the flange bolts for proper tightness and ensure they are evenly tightened following a crisscross pattern. If the leakage continues, replace the flanged gasket with a new one compatible with the fluid and operating conditions.
Issue: The valve becomes difficult to operate or the handwheel is hard to turn.
Solution: Check for misalignment, bent stems, or damaged actuators. Lubricate the stem and moving parts according to the valve manufacturer&#;s recommendations. If the problem persists, disassemble the valve to inspect for internal damage or obstructions and repair or replace the affected components as needed.
Issue: The valve fails to provide accurate flow control or the flow rate does not correspond to the handwheel position.
Solution: Inspect the disc and seat for wear, damage, or contamination. Replace or recondition the disc and seat if necessary. Also, check the stem and actuator for proper operation and alignment.
Issue: The valve produces excessive noise or vibration during operation.
Solution: Excessive noise or vibration may indicate cavitation, water hammer, or turbulent flow. Address the root cause by adjusting the flow rate, installing a valve with a different design, or adding additional flow control valves, accessories, or devices like a pressure-reducing valve or a flow control valve.
Issue: The valve does not close completely, leading to fluid leakage through the valve.
Solution: Inspect the disc and seat for damage, wear, or debris that may be preventing a tight seal. Clean, repair, or replace the disc and seat as necessary. Also, ensure that the valve stem is not bent or obstructed, preventing full closure.
By following a systematic approach to troubleshooting industrial valves and addressing issues as they arise, you can maintain the reliability and efficiency of your globe valve system. Regular inspection, timely repairs, and adherence to manufacturer guidelines will help prevent costly downtime and prolong the service life of your valves.
Selecting the right size and type of globe valve for your application is crucial for optimal performance, efficiency, and longevity. Several factors must be considered when choosing a globe valve, including the fluid type, flow rate, pressure, temperature, and installation requirements. Here are some key aspects to consider when sizing and selecting a globe valve:
2. Flow Rate:
Determine the required flow rate for your application to ensure the globe valve can adequately handle the flow. Valve sizing is based on the flow coefficient (Cv), which is a measure of the valve&#;s capacity to pass fluid. The larger the Cv value, the greater the flow rate the valve can handle. Select a valve with an appropriate Cv value to meet your flow requirements while minimizing pressure drop.
2. Fluid Type:
Consider the type of fluid the valve will handle (liquid, gas, or steam) and its properties, and features such as viscosity and corrosiveness. Select materials and sealing components compatible with the fluid to ensure reliable operation and prevent damage to the valve.
3. Pressure and Temperature:
Evaluate the operating pressure and temperature of the system to select a valve that can withstand these conditions. Ensure the selected valve&#;s pressure class and temperature rating meet or exceed the system&#;s requirements.
4. Valve Type:
Choose the appropriate type of globe valve (straight pattern, angle pattern, or Y-pattern) based on your application&#;s specific needs. Consider factors such as space constraints, flow direction changes, and pressure drop when selecting the valve type.
5. Material Selection:
Select the appropriate materials for the valve body, disc, seat, stem, and gaskets based on factors such as fluid compatibility, corrosion resistance, and temperature requirements. Common materials include cast iron, carbon steel, stainless steel, and brass.
6. Actuation:
Determine the appropriate method of actuation for your application (manual, electric, pneumatic, or hydraulic). Consider factors such as the required speed of operation, available utilities, and fail-safe requirements.
7. End Connections:
Select the appropriate end connections (flanged, threaded, or welded) based on your piping system requirements and ease of installation and maintenance.
8. Standards and Certifications:
Ensure the chosen globe valve meets the necessary industry standards and certifications for your application, such as ASME, API, or ISO.
9. Maintenance and Accessibility:
Consider the ease of maintenance and accessibility when selecting a globe valve. Options for valves that are easy to disassemble, clean, and replace parts, make them cost-effective and reducing downtime.
By taking these factors into account, you can select a globe valve that meets your application&#;s specific requirements and ensures efficient, reliable and long-lasting performance. Consult with valve manufacturers or engineers for expert advice on sizing and selecting the most suitable stainless steel globe valve for your needs.
Various standards and certifications govern the design, manufacturing, testing, and performance of globe valves to ensure their safety, reliability, and efficiency. Adherence to these standards is essential for maintaining quality and performance in the industry. Some of the most widely recognized standards and certifications for globe valves include:
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ASME develops codes and standards for pressure-containing components, including valves. Key ASME standards related to globe valves include:
These standards cover aspects such as pressure-temperature ratings, materials, dimensions, and testing requirements for various valve types, including globe valves.
API is a leading organization that develops standards for the oil and gas industry, including valves. The following API standards are relevant to globe valves:
Although these standards primarily focus on gate valves, they may also apply to globe valves in certain situations, particularly for high-pressure and high-temperature applications.
ISO develops international standards for various industries, including valves. Some of the key ISO standards related to globe valves are:
These standards address aspects such as pressure testing and dimensional requirements for globe valves and other industrial valves.
MSS is an organization that develops standards for the valve and fittings industry. Some MSS standards that apply to globe valves include:
These standards cover requirements for corrosion-resistant valves and pressure testing procedures for globe valves and other valve types.
NACE develops standards related to the prevention and control of corrosion in various industries. The following NACE standard is relevant for globe valves used in corrosive environments:
This standard outlines material requirements and guidelines for valve control systems, including globe valves, used in sour service applications where hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is present.
thinktank stone valve manufacturerThis article provides an in-depth understanding of the various aspects of globe valves, including their design, types, functions, and key considerations for sizing, selection, and troubleshooting. This comprehensive guide aims to support professionals in making informed decisions when choosing the right valve for their application, ensuring optimal performance, reliability, and longevity.
As a reliable globe valve manufacturer in China, THINKTANK is committed to delivering high-quality products and unparalleled customer support. With our professional engineers ready to assist in sizing, selection, drawing, and other project requirements, we can provide customized solutions tailored to your specific needs. THINKTANK is known for offering affordable pricing without compromising on quality, making our cast steel globe valves a cost-effective choice for a wide range of applications.
Having exported to over 42 countries and provided OEM services for 25 international valve brands, THINKTANK has established a strong reputation for excellence in the global market. Our extensive experience and commitment to customer satisfaction make THINKTANK a trusted partner for your globe valve requirements.
By utilizing the information provided in this ultimate guide and partnering with a reputable manufacturer like THINKTANK, you can ensure the successful integration of globe valves in your applications, contributing to the efficiency, safety features, and reliability of your power systems.
1.ASME B16.34 &#; Valves &#; Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End: https://www.asme.org/codes-standards/find-codes-standards/b16-34-valves-flanged-threaded-welding-end
2. API 600 &#; Steel Gate Valves &#; Flanged and Butt-welding Ends, Bolted Bonnets: https://www.api.org/~/media/files/publications/whats%20new/600_e13%20pa.pdf
3.ISO &#; Industrial Valves &#; Pressure Testing of Valves: https://www.iso.org/standard/.html
4.ISO &#; Metal Valves for Use in Flanged Pipe Systems &#; Face-to-Face and Centre-to-Face Dimensions: https://www.iso.org/standard/.html
5.MSS SP-42 &#; Corrosion Resistant Gate, Globe, Angle, and Check Valves with Flanged and Butt Weld Ends: https://webstore.ansi.org/standards/mss/msssp
6.NACE MR/ISO &#; Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries &#; Materials for Use in H2S-Containing Environments in Oil and Gas Production: https://www.iso.org/standard/.html
Valves are mechanical or electro-mechanical devices commonly found in a myriad of industrial processes, manufacturing, and maintenance operations. These devices regulate the movement of fluids (liquid, air, gas, etc) via pipes and/or tubes, as well as from tanks or other containers. Moreover, these devices are primarily classified according to their function, design, and size.
Among all types of valves, the ball valve and globe valve are two of the most used valves in the industrial industry. In this article, we will learn about the advantages and disadvantages of both the ball valve and globe valve, as well as a comparison between the two types of valves.
The ball valve provides a quarter-turn operation to open or close. This conventional type of valve consists of a hollow rotary ball or disk, usually the size of the pipe, and a stem that connects it to the lever. The hollow ball and the lever of the valve rotate similarly and are parallel to each other, allowing the flow of fluids in the inlet and outlet in the valve body. Ball valves are used in any industrial applications that require fluid flow shut off.
Generally, ball valves operate with efficiency and a great deal of durability. As such, they tend to be cost-effective, low maintenance, and usually a durable choice for the savvy operator.
With the hollow rotary ball mechanism, the ball valve provides low-pressure drop and high flow capacity. Disturbances in the flow of fluids such as turbulence and resistance are minimal. Aside from that, ball valves also provide a bubble-tight seal with little torque and lack the need for routine lubrication.
Generally, ball valves provide high durability. They can provide ten-plus years of reliable use when fit to the right application. Moreover, materials selection in manufacturing ball valves enables them to withstand high pressure and lessens the wear due to environmental conditions such as corrosion and temperature.
Compared to the cost of ball valves vs a globe valves, it is extremely affordable. In addition, ball valves are a cost-effective option due to their lower maintenance requirements. This mainly derives from the quarter-turn mechanism of the ball valve. This mechanism makes it less prone to wear and tear. Another reason is that the use of a pivot concentrates all friction forces to one part of the valve, thus conserving the other parts. Moreover, ball valves typically weigh comparably little and take up a small footprint vs. globe valves.
The ball valve&#;s propensity to blockage, poor throttling capacity and space considerations are reasons that an engineer might wish to specify another valve.
It is not recommended to use ball valves on thick fluids such as slurries. Any thick fluid that passes through the ball valves may solidify, clog the flow and pile up in the cavities of the valve. This requires more maintenance and in the worst case scenario may render the valve inoperable and require replacement.
Ball valves should only be utilized in either a completely open or fully closed state and should not be used for long-term throttling. The partially exposed seat of the ball valve may be vulnerable to degradation and deformation in a throttling position due to high-velocity flows. For this reason, continuous throttling applications should never rely on a ball valve.
Since the mechanism involves a quarter-turn handle, engineers should consider available space prior to specifying a ball valve. An exposed handle in an area of egress or in the path of other equipment may create a hazard or operability issue.
The globe valve provides a multi-turn valve design starts, stops, and regulates the flow of fluids. The design is based on a disk, also called the plug, which lowers onto a seat, gradually restricting the flow as the valve closes. Globe valves are primarily used in industrial applications that require fluid throttling vs ball valves that are not generally recommended for throlling. One important feature is the valve seat orients parallel to the direction of flow.
Globe valves provide good shutoff capability, good throttling capability, high reliability, and a variety of flow configurations.
The globe valve&#;s plug or disc adjusts from fully open to fully closed to match the needed flow rate for a specific application, making them a great choice for precise regulation control. The flow restriction through the valve increases with the distance between the plug and the seat in the body.
Since globe valves find service in partially open configurations, they provide ideal throttling capabilities. Moreover, these valves are easy to maintain and resurface the seats and are specifically designed for throttling operation.
Globe valves travel a short distance during operation. Thus, fewer turns are required to fully open and close the plug or the disc. This saves time and wear on the valve parts. In a well-designed globe valve, high reliability ensues.
The glove valve provides three primary body designs (Tee, Angle, and Wye). Each body design provides a different flow path.
Tee is the most common type of globe valve. Angle globe valves can handle the &#;slugging effect&#; with its inlet and outlet at a 90° angle allowing fluid to flow in a single 90° turn. Wye valves have a 45° angle between the seat and stem providing a straighter flow path when fully open. This straight flow path translates into the lowest flow resistance among the three designs.
Some disadvantages that the engineers must consider when specifying a globe valve are the uni-directional requirement, high-pressure drop, and heavy weight.
The unidirectional requirement of globe valves means they can only start, stop and regulate the fluid flow in one direction.
Using globe valves in industry applications often results in high-pressure drops. Globe valves are specifically designed to change of direction of flowing fluid, thus increasing pressure drop. This pressure drops further increases during throttling applications.
Compared to other valve types, globe valves usually provide heavier weight and bulk. Subsequently, this requires greater force or a larger actuator to operate its mechanism.
After extensively discussing the advantages and disadvantages of using Ball and Globe valves in industrial processes, let&#;s consider these factors and visit the table that compares key selection parameters.
ParameterBall ValveGlobe ValveMain FunctionDesigned primarily for shut-off and commodity-type flow applications.Designed for throttling action, such as regulating the flow of fluid.Operating MechanismBidirectional. The stem connects to a lever which is easier to operate with its 90° quarter-turn mechanism.Unidirectional. The stem connects to an external handwheel which moves the plug for fluid flow regulation.Visual DetectionThe position of the lever allows for the visual detection of the open or closed condition. The hollow ball and lever move in a parallel fashion.Despite being unidirectional, it is tough to detect the flow regulation and its open and closed state.DurabilityBall valves are generally more durable and less susceptible to damage.Globe valves are generally less durable and more prone to leakage and cavitation.CostWith its basic mechanism, it is typically less expensive than a globe valve.With its body design and bulkiness, it is usually more expensive than a ball valve.Common Industrial ApplicationsPotable water systems, Oil and gas, Flow regulation, Manufacturing processesCooling water systems, Fuel oil systems, Feedwater, Chemical feed systems, Steam vents and drainsBall Valve vs. Globe Valve OverviewA ball valve and a globe valve both control fluid flow, but their distinct designs suit various uses. Ball valves are simple to operate and inexpensive, and they provide an easy way to identify the valve&#;s opening status. Despite its excellent shut-off mechanism, it regulates flow poorly.
On the other hand, globe valves may precisely control the flow and have great flow regulation capabilities yet are less convenient to use than other types of valves.
Which is best? There&#;s no right answer to this question. The answer to the ball valve vs. globe valve debate depends on its intended use. It is crucial to select the most suitable type of valve for the application to optimize performance and reliability.
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