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Dump Truck Axle Loading - While Dumping

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pcronin

(Structural)

(OP)

A project I am currently working on requires dump trucks to back into a building and discharge aggregate into a bin and hopper system. The entire system is elevated, necessitating the design of support beams for the truck. I am familiar with AASHTO criteria and impact loading, but mainly for moving trucks. I am designing for HS-20 and 32 kip axle load.

Once a truck stops over the bin and commences dumping, the centroid of the load shifts further toward the rear axles, logically increasing the axle force. As the material begins sliding out, the load will decrease again. How can I calculate the maximum load without knowing the specific truck model delivering the material?

Lastly, what spacing should I use for beams supporting the truck wheels? I am considering a stocky W12 beam with up to an 18" wide plate with stiffeners to support the wheels. Assuming alignment allows support for one wheel on each side of the tandem, the 10 ft wide overhead doors will constrain the truck’s movement. The architect is investigating beam locations, but I would like to verify these dimensions myself. The hopper’s grizzly system, claimed to support the truck’s weight, remains unverified. Ideally, if the wheel doesn't line up with the beam, the grizzly should transfer the load back to the specified steel beams.

Thank you in advance for all your help.

RE: Dump Truck Axle Loading - While Dumping

JStephen

(Mechanical)

A couple of things to keep in mind: some dump trailers lift the front axle, transferring all the rear weight to the back axle when dumping. Additionally, depending on locality and patrols, loaded weights can exceed legal limits.

RE: Dump Truck Axle Loading - While Dumping

Qshake

(Structural)

If the HS20 doesn't suit, most interstates now design for HS20 Modified or HS25 loading, resulting in 40 kips axle load instead of 32 (a 25% increase).

Your elevated ramp must be designed for the entire truck, not just for dumping, potentially leading to several truck placements for maximum load. What maximizes positive moment in the span may not maximize reaction at the support or hopper.

As for beam spacing, if you have a structural slab to transfer the vehicle load, exact alignment with truck wheel lines isn't necessary. Research local or state load rating trucks; you likely won't replicate the dump truck loading exactly. AASHTO provides design vehicles representing maximum loading. Verify this with local county or state checked vehicles for load ratings.

Regards,
Qshake

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RE: Dump Truck Axle Loading - While Dumping

swearingen

(Civil/Environmental)

You must design for factors Qshake mentioned, but to directly answer your question:

Identify the front axle load for your specific HS loading. When the truck dumps, add the front axle load to the rear axle load, balancing the truck and its cargo on the rear axle(s). This represents the maximum possible load, excluding dynamic effects.

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