Stephenw said:
If fasteners were square, there would be less room for wrench handle positions in tight locations.
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Winner! Both for access to the nut/bolt head, and for angle of swing. bet you can get from square fastener is 45 degrees; hex is 30 degrees. Also any socket for a square fastener is by definition bigger as it is the distance across the points that drives how big the exterior of the socket will have to be.
Terra Nova said:
Likely it's a combination of many things, but the end users ability to get a wrench on it is probably so far down the list that it isn't part of the equation.
Without giving it much thought the first things that come to mind are. I would think it may have to do with manufacturability of the fastener. Less steps or less load required to cold head a hex rather than a square. From a fastener design standpoint you also pick up more load bearing area on the bolt head of a hex as compared to a square. A hex fastener has 6 flats upon which force can be exerted where square has only 4.
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Incorrect see above and below...
As to manufacture-ability, fasteners were originally made by blacksmiths, gunsmiths, and watchmakers, the latter two rarely made nuts, they used a threaded hole in a part generally, and slotted screws. Most common nuts (and bolts) were on wagon and carriage wheels. No access issues at all.
While the wrench size would be the same for a given sized fastener, the area needed for a square nut is larger do to the points sticking out further. in close quarters, you can get a larger hex in the same space as the points will clear an obstruction.
Using a 1/2" threaded nuts as an example, both use a 3/4" wrench, and the wrenches have basically the same head clearance characteristics, However, As mentioned above, the angle of attack (assuming the head was rotated appropriatly) for clearing the wrench handle, is much smaller on the hex.
The 3/4" socket is about 1" in Diameter. The required socket (basically equivalent to a 15/16" is about 5/16 bigger in Diameter. A bigger socket needs more clearance.
The advent of box end wrenches also made a hex more desirable for the same reason as the sockets could get smaller...
Square fasteners became obsolete because they took too much space, were more difficult to access and design engineers stooped spec'ing them, about the same time fasteners started becoming mass produced for the auto industry instead of being made on demand by hand.
! Both for access to the nut/bolt head, and for angle of swing. bet you can get from square fastener is 45 degrees; hex is 30 degrees. Also any socket for a square fastener is by definition bigger as it is the distance across the points that drives how big the exterior of the socket will have to be.Incorrect see above and below...As to manufacture-ability, fasteners were originally made by blacksmiths, gunsmiths, and watchmakers, the latter two rarely made nuts, they used a threaded hole in a part generally, and slotted screws. Most common nuts (and bolts) were on wagon and carriage wheels. No access issues at all.While the wrench size would be the same for a given sized fastener, the area needed for a square nut is larger do to the points sticking out further. in close quarters, you can get a larger hex in the same space as the points will clear an obstruction.Using a 1/2" threaded nuts as an example, both use a 3/4" wrench, and the wrenches have basically the same head clearance characteristics, However, As mentioned above, the angle of attack (assuming the head was rotated appropriatly) for clearing the wrench handle, is much smaller on the hex.The 3/4" socket is about 1" in Diameter. The required socket (basically equivalent to a 15/16" is about 5/16 bigger in Diameter. A bigger socket needs more clearance.The advent of box end wrenches also made a hex more desirable for the same reason as the sockets could get smaller...Square fasteners became obsolete because they took too much space, were more difficult to access and design engineers stooped spec'ing them, about the same time fasteners started becoming mass produced for the auto industry instead of being made on demand by hand.
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