Oct. 08, 2024
Online solar calculators can give a rough estimate of how much solar you need to power your home, but you may want to perform your own sizing calculations to fine-tune your choices. Here&#;s a step-by-step overview of the process we follow when sizing solar systems for our customers.
Note: This article applies to grid-tie systems only. Off-grid systems are more complex because battery banks are sized independently of the solar array, so no two systems are quite the same.
When sizing a solar system, follow these steps to find out exactly what will cover your energy needs. If you'd just like a quick estimate without having to work through the math, feel free to use our solar calculator instead.
Statistics show that most people consume more electricity during the summer and winter, when the A/C or heat is running. If possible, collect your last 12 months of electric bills, then tally up your kWh usage and divide by 12 to get a monthly average.
Next, divide your monthly kWh usage by 30 to estimate your average daily kWh usage. The average American home uses about 900 kWh per month, so we&#;ll use that in our example:
900 kWh / 30 days = 30 kWh per day
Sunlight availability affects how much energy your solar panels generate. Use NREL&#;s GHI maps to see how many sun hours you can expect to get in your location.
Below is NREL's map for average annual sun hours in the US:
Take the daily kWh target from step 2 and divide it by the number of sun hours in your location. For example, in Anaheim, CA, where GoGreenSolar is headquartered, we get about 5 sun hours per day:
30 kWh per day / 5 sun hours = 6 kW solar array
From there, we need to add a bit of overhead to account for inefficiencies and degradation rate of the panels.
The output of solar panels drops slightly each year, which is outlined by their performance warranty. If your solar panel&#;s performance warranty guarantees 80% performance after 25 years, then their degradation rate is calculated as 20%/25 years, or 0.8% production loss each year. By the end of its lifecycle, a 400W-rated panel would only output 320 watts.
Learn more about Solar Panel Effieciency
In addition, solar panels are tested in ideal conditions &#;- a temperature controlled lab with nothing obstructing the panels. In the real world, solar panels often fall short of these lab-tested conditions, meaning they produce a bit less power than their wattage rating.
Because of these factors, it&#;s wise to budget extra solar capacity so that you can reach your target production figures after accounting for the inefficiencies of the system.
20% is a good amount of headroom to account for inefficiencies. Multiply your solar array size by 1.2 (120%) to account for this:
6 kW x 1.2 = 7.2 kW solar array
Most grid-tie homeowners choose to offset 100% of their energy needs with solar. But it is also possible to start with a smaller system for partial offset, and then expand down the line as the budget allows for it.
If partial offset is your goal, you can account for that here. For example, let&#;s say you want to start by offsetting half your energy usage with solar:
7.2 kW solar array * 0.5 = 3.6 kW solar array
In this scenario, a 3.6 kW array would cover 50% of your energy usage, cutting your electric bill in half.
Once you have your final array size, simply divide by the wattage of your desired solar panels to figure out how many panels you need.
Using our example of a 7.2 kW (7,200-watt) array for 100% offset, here's a sample system that would cover our needs:
7.2 kW solar array with 400W Phono Solar panels: 7,200 watts / 400 watts = 18 panels
What&#;s the Cost of Solar Panels in
That should be enough to help you size a solar power system that covers your energy needs. However, be aware that there may be more factors to consider if your utility offers a net metering program that allows for energy resale or variable billing rates.
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A common use case is utilities that charge time-of-use (TOU) rates. Under TOU billing, electricity rates spike around 5-9PM to account for higher demand, as people come home from work/school and usage is at its daily peak.
If your utility provider charges higher TOU rates, it may be wise to install solar panels on the Western face of your roof. While South-facing panels produce more kWh of energy, West-facing panels may be more cost-effective overall because they will produce power later in the day, offsetting higher TOU rates during the peak usage period.
Research the details of your utility's net metering program to see if you need to tweak your solar system sizing to get the most value out of your panels. If you need guidance, reach out to us for a free solar consultation. Our team of expert solar designers can help you size a solar system based on your unique circumstances.
There are many reasons to switch from traditional on-grid electric consumption to solar. Whether you want to reduce dependence on the electric company or reduce your carbon footprint, it&#;s a move that makes sense.
When you make that decision, your thought process must move from ideas to details. You need a system that delivers enough power and provides the physical fit to justify your investment. The right size depends on your home, climate, and usage &#; all of these factor into how you size the right solar system for your needs.
The physical &#;size&#; of your solar system is a bit of a misnomer. What you need to do is identify the specific setup that will collect, store, and deliver the energy you need for your home. All things being equal, more panels and surface area to install them amount to more power.
The average United States home uses about 886 kilowatt-hours (kWh) per month. That figure can vary widely depending on where you live, how large your home is, and how many appliances you run. You need to build your solar array based on your expected usage and the set-up available to you.
Essentially, the answers come down to simple math. The following describes the inputs you need to determine how many solar panels you require to deliver sufficient solar energy for your home consumption needs.
Start with your current utility bills to determine the amount of energy your solar panels need to generate. Most utilities provide a monthly number, which may be a precise usage total or an estimate. Collecting data across multiple months will give you a better sense of what your expected usage would be across time.
From here, it&#;s a simple calculation. Divide the total kWh usage by the number of days covered. If you have six utility bills, you would add the numbers and divide by 180, or the total days in those six months. This figure gives you your daily kWh usage for which you need to build out your solar energy system.
The sun does not shine on your solar panels for 24 hours a day. That doesn&#;t mean you can&#;t use solar energy around the clock. Instead, it simply means you are not generating solar power outside of daylight hours.
During peak sunlight hours in your location, your panels absorb, convert, and store the sun&#;s energy. Your system can then deliver that energy throughout the day and night.
To determine your energy output, you need to know the peak sun hours for where you live. The United States government collects this information, which you can find here.
In areas further south and with lower humidity, the hours of peak sunlight will be greater than in northern or damper areas. Peak sunlight also varies by time of year and more specific location data.
Solar panels vary in output depending on their size and efficiency. The construction and quality of photovoltaic panels can lead to output anywhere from 110 watts to 400 watts. The number of panels you need depends on your total usage requirements and the energy you can obtain from each panel.
To calculate the system size you need, begin by converting your daily usage into watts. Multiply that number in kWh by 1,000, and that will give you the total wattage you need to generate each day. If, for example, your daily usage is 30 kWh, you need to generate 30,000 watt-hours per day.
Next, divide the watt-hours by your peak hours of sunlight. This calculation gives you the total number of watts you need to generate with your solar system. If you need to generate 30,000 watt-hours and have six hours of peak sunlight, your system would need to generate 5,000 watts per day.
Finally, divide this by the wattage per panel in your system. For that 5,000 watts requirement, if your panels generate 250 watts per panel, you&#;d need 20 total panels for your daily output requirement. If the panels generate only 200 watts, on the other hand, you would need to use 25 panels to achieve the same outcome.
All of the above calculations are straightforward. But accurately calculating your requirements demands more specific data. The average sunlight in your area doesn&#;t take into account the shade around your house, the size and angle of your roof, or your intended usage. Working with installation experts can help you focus and ensure your SmartHome Ecosystem delivers your actual energy needs.
Your roof pitch will direct solar panels toward the sun at different times of the day. Choosing the right side of your roof can mean a difference of several hours of peak time for your system to absorb. Your solar panel positioning should also avoid shade from nearby trees and structures that prevent sunlight from hitting the panels at optimal levels.
As you determine the kind and number of solar panels for your array, you must consider your roof space. While a smaller house typically requires less energy, this is not always the case. A smaller roof may allow for smaller or fewer panels. Measuring your available space can help identify limitations and determine if you require higher-rated power options for your solar panels.
If your house is connected to the local utility&#;s electric grid, you typically have a supplemental electricity source readily available. In that situation, underestimating your energy needs carries relatively little risk. On the other hand, off-grid living demands a solar system that allows you to meet all your needs without reliance on the grid. You will need enough solar panels and a solar generator to store the electricity for emergencies.
In some off-grid situations, it may be wiser to invest in a power kit instead of buying the solar panels, power station, and the balance of system separately. A power kit is a modular, space-saving solution for tiny homes, RVs, etc. You can find options with a wide range of capacities from Wh to 15kWh.
On average, higher-efficiency solar panels are more expensive. The increased solar power generation capacity may be worth it for you. If you have the space for more, less-expensive solar panels, it may make more financial sense for you to go that route instead.
Solar panels represent a significant investment for your home, so you need to take an approach tailored to your needs.
In the end, building your solar system requires you to understand your energy needs and include enough panels to provide the output required. Working with a solar power professional gives you access to the expertise you need to help make those assessments for your home.
The right size solar system for you includes the right size and number of panels and the suitable efficiency to achieve the most from the installation. Usually, this means high-efficiency panels, but you should always come back to the size and array that lets you best achieve your goals for the process.
Fine-tuning your energy needs estimate is not the end of the story. In most cases, you will want to aim just over your typical usage. The extra capacity helps you allow for spikes in need, weather-related reductions in your output, and system lag. Preparing for more will give you peace of mind that you can&#;t find if you cut your estimate too close. A little more is far better than falling short of what you need.
Making a move to solar power makes sense on both economic and environmental levels. When you are ready to switch, you should assess your energy needs carefully. Your electricity usage, location, and home size all factor into how you can best capture and consume solar energy.
Instead of going it alone, working with a solar energy partner allows you to both access the information you need and proceed with a safe, efficient, and effective installation. The experts at EcoFlow can help you focus on the products you need and provide the installation know-how to set you up for your energy independent solar future.
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