How do self-centering disc spring stacks work?

Self-centering disc spring stacks are powerful and versatile components used in a variety of industrial and automotive applications. Also known as Belleville washers, disc springs are conically-shaped, flat washers with a wavy profile that can be stacked in series to create a spring-like effect. However, self-centering disc spring stacks are unique in that they have the ability to balance axial loads while also absorbing shock and vibration.

So, how do self-centering disc spring stacks work? Let’s take a closer look.

At their core, self-centering disc spring stacks consist of multiple Belleville washers aligned and stacked in a tandem series. By stacking washers, the spring rate and total load capacity increase significantly as more washers are added to the stack. This stack can then be housed inside a housing bore, which is typically a cylindrical ring or pin.

When an axial load is applied to the disc spring stack, each washer experiences compressive stress and begins to deflect. However, the wavy profile of the washer causes it to naturally "flatten out", allowing it to balance axial loads by creating a contact angle with both the inner bore and outer housing of the disc spring stack. This self-centering characteristic allows the washers to move laterally while still maintaining their concentric position within the housing bore.

The unique design of self-centering disc spring stacks also allows them to absorb shock and vibration. During dynamic loading, the waves on the washers open and close, allowing the stack to expand and contract. This expansion and contraction deflects the washers, which creates damping and frictional forces that further reduce shock and vibration.

It’s important to note that the material used to make the Belleville washers is critical in their overall function. Common materials used for self-centering disc spring stacks include carbon steel, stainless steel, and alloy steel. Each material has its own properties and characteristics, which will ultimately affect the performance of the disc spring stack.

Overall, self-centering disc spring stacks are effective and versatile components that can be used in a range of applications. With their unique self-centering characteristic, ability to balance axial loads, and ability to absorb shock and vibration, they are a popular choice for many industrial and automotive applications. So, the next time you come across a self-centering disc spring stack, you'll know exactly how it works.

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