Is composite quartz good?

Composite material

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Engineered stone is a composite material made of crushed stone bound together by an adhesive to create a solid surface. The adhesive is most commonly polymer resin, with some newer versions using cement mix. This category includes engineered quartz (SiO2), polymer concrete and engineered marble stone.[1] The application of these products depends on the original stone used. For engineered marbles the most common application is indoor flooring and walls, while the quartz based product is used primarily for kitchen countertops[2] as an alternative to laminate or granite.[3] Related materials include geopolymers and cast stone. Unlike terrazzo, the material is factory made in either blocks or slabs, cut and polished by fabricators, and assembled at the worksite.

Engineered stone is also commonly referred to as agglomerate or agglomerated stone, the last term being that recognised by European Standards (EN ), although to add to the terminological confusion, this standard also includes materials manufactured with a cementitious binder.[citation needed] The quartz version (which end consumers are much more likely to directly deal with) is commonly known as 'quartz surface' or just 'quartz'.[4]

Manufacturing equipment

Breton S.P.A., a privately held company of Treviso, Italy, that developed the large-scale Breton method in s,[1] is the dominant supplier of equipment for making engineered stone.[citation needed] Although Breton was the original manufacturer of moulding equipment and still holds multiple international patents on the process, there are now several other companies producing similar machinery.

Composition

99.9% pure silica in grits and powder form constitutes 90&#;93% of the body by weight dispersed in a matrix of unsaturated polyester resin (7&#;10%)  mixed with peroxide catalyst and cobalt accelerator which facilitates the curing of the thermoset at ambient temperature. The cured material is normally kept for 24&#;48 hours before polishing and finishing absorbers are also dosed into the chemical mix to inhibit the discoloration as a result of reaction of unsaturated polyester resin with UV light. Engineered quartz stones manufactured by using unsaturated polyester resins are characterized by low water absorption, superior chemical durability, high hardness, flexural strength and good thermal shock resistance compared to granite and marble.[5]

Process

Compaction by vibrocompression vacuum process uses elastomeric molds in which a crushed stone/resin mix is cast on a moving belt. The mixture of approximately 93% stone aggregates and 7% polyester resin by weight (66% quartz and 34% resin by volume) is heated and compressed under vacuum in a large press. The vibration helps compact the mixture and results in an isotropic slab with virtually no porosity.[1] Engineered stone is then processed in basically the same manner as its natural counterpart.

Some companies import boulders themselves to crush into agglomerates (stone powders) of various grain size for their products, others simply buy already-crushed stone powders.

Properties

Engineered stone is typically worked in the same way as natural stone using a water jet cutter or a diamond blade. This is in contrast with solid surface materials which can be cut with regular saws.[6]

The material can be produced in either 12 mm, 20 mm or 30 mm thicknesses. The most common slab format is  mm x  mm for Quartz and  mm x  mm for Breton-based marbles, but other sizes like  mm x  mm are produced according to market demand.

Engineered stone is non porous,[7] more flexible, and harder than many types of natural stone. Since it has a uniform internal structure, it does not have hidden cracks or flaws that may exist in natural stone and also has a color/pattern consistency from slab to slab.[8] Polyester resin binding agents allow some flexibility, preventing cracking under flexural pressure. But, the binding agents often continue to harden, leading to a loss of flexural strength over time. The polyester resins are not completely UV stable and engineered stone should not be used in outdoor applications.[9] Continuous exposure to UV can cause discoloration of the stone, and breakdown of the resin binder.

The material is sometimes damaged by direct application of heat. Quartz engineered stone is less heat resistant than other stone surfaces including most granite, marble and limestone; but is not affected by temperatures lower than 150 °C (300 °F). Quartz engineered stone can be damaged by sudden temperature changes. Manufacturers recommend that hot pots and pans never be placed directly on the surface, and that a hot pad or trivet is used under portable cooking units.

When used as floor tiles, care is required in ensuring compatibility with the adhesive used. Reaction resin adhesives and rapid drying cementitious adhesives are generally successful, but bond failure or discoloration can occur with other cementitious adhesives. Additionally, agglomerate stone tiles are more sensitive to both thermal expansion and contraction and to dampness from underlying screeds, necessitating the inclusion of movement joints at a higher frequency than for stone or ceramic floor tiles (see for example British Standard BS -5: ) and verification by testing of the dryness of underlying layers.

Difference between marble and quartz

Although both the marble- and quartz-based engineered stones are created through a similar process, and multiple companies produce both at the same time, there are distinct differences in their properties and applications.

Marble is a relatively soft material which is prone to scratching, but simple to maintain. Typically it can be repeatedly polished until it becomes too thin. Marble is much more common and accessible around the world, and comes in a wider variety, which gives its engineered counterpart a significant edge in pricing, and more variety in pattern and colors. Engineered marble is typically used as flooring materials for large commercial projects such as hotels, shopping centers, business lobbies, where it combines the attractive appearance of marble with budget-friendly cost and reliable delivery time.

Quartz is a much harder material. The Mohs scale hardness of marble is roughly 3, whereas that of quartz is around 7. This makes it much more resistant to scratching, however it also makes re-polishing and general processing a more difficult task, which is why it is most commonly used for kitchen counter tops, where the value added through processing can offset its considerably higher cost.

There is also a difference between quartz and quartzite, which may be confused because of the similarities in the name. Quartz countertops are man-made even though quartz is a natural material. Quartzite countertops on the other hand are natural and they are considered to be a high end countertop material.[7]

Market development

Italy was the most dominant country in the supply of engineered stone products from the s until the early s, especially in engineered marble. The growth of the Chinese economy has changed the market drastically as China now has the most producers and largest overall quantity produced. There are estimated to be more than 100 engineered stone suppliers in China alone. India also has roughly 40 slab producing units as of December . The original companies that operate Breton machines such as the Italian companies, Quarella, Santa Margherita and the Taiwanese company Romastone remain the most recognizable brands for marble. The private Spanish company Cosentino brand Silestone and the public Israeli company Caesarstone are the most recognizable brands for quartz, as well as Totem Quartz, an Iranian company which has a huge market in the middle east and Central Asia. Gulfstone, an Oman-based company, is the only producer of engineered quartz stone in the GCC. China is now probably the largest market for engineered marble due to new construction projects, while engineered quartz is primarily sold in North America and Europe as high end residential kitchen counter tops. [citation needed]

Health issues

As with any silica-containing stone, silicosis can result from breathing dust produced when cutting or processing engineered stone made with quartz. The risk of inhaling quartz dust can be mitigated by taking appropriate safety precautions.[10][11] Risk of silicosis is high when little or no safety precautions or protective equipment are used. This may occur in small shops or in countries where the industry is not regulated or monitored.[12][13]

In Australia, a National Dust Diseases Taskforce was established in July .[14] In Western Australia, legislation was introduced to support the early detection of silicosis caused by engineered stone.[15] Medical practitioners in Western Australia are advised to follow strict guidelines for the health surveillance of at risk workers.[16] In February Australian trade unions called for banning the importation of engineered stone into Australia.[17] In December of the same year, Australia became the first country to ban engineered stone in response to workers developing silicosis. The ban came into effect on 1 July . [18]

In California, 77 workers at quartz countertop fabrication shops have been diagnosed with silicosis as of July, . Inspections by safety officials in and showed that 72% of these shops were out of compliance with federal silica dust exposure standards. The state's Occupational Safety & Health Standards Board approved emergency regulations in December, .[19]

See also

References

Supported by Hafele Home

It isn&#;t until you&#;re planning a kitchen remodel that you realise just how many decisions there are to make &#; including deciding on a new kitchen sink. We&#;ve come a long way from the days of just stainless-steel options and one of the latest materials to gain popularity are quartz kitchen sinks, like those that have just been released by Hafele.

I&#;m going to run through the pros and cons, and everything you need to know about quartz sinks, to help you decide if it&#;s the right option for you. 

Related article: Designing the ultimate alfresco kitchen, all the design tips and tricks you need!
Related article: The kitchen design measurements you need to know &#; from an Interior Designer!

Pros of quartz kitchen sinks

Highly resistant

Quartz sinkware is designed to last. Quartz is incredibly durable and is heat, scratch and stain resistant &#; ensuring it looks good for many years.

Get the most out of your quartz sink by hiring a licensed plumber to install it. A licensed plumber can install your quartz sinkware with precision and ensure it operates efficiently.

Given the higher performance of these sinks, they generally also come with longer warranties. For example, the new range of quartz sinks from Hafele come with a 20-year warranty on manufacturing defects. It&#;s also hard to beat the quality German manufacturing.

Hygienic

Being smooth and nonporous, quartz has bacteria and odour resistant properties. It&#;s the ideal material for a kitchen sink.

Quieter

This may seem like a strange benefit to add to the list but as a mother of two young children, it&#;s a big selling point! Quartz sinks have natural soundproofing capabilities that make them much quieter than stainless steel and other materials. The sound of water from the faucet and then clanging of dishes in the sink will all be significantly reduced. 

Modern design

One of the biggest pros of quartz sinks is simply how stylish they are! These sinks are the perfect fit for modern interior design homes and can be a focal point of your kitchen with their clean, modern design.

Colour options

Continuing with the aesthetic benefits, another pro of quartz sinks is that they are available in black (onyx) or white so you can select the finish to suit your space.

With various designs, quartz sinks can complement any kitchen design, and its sound-dampening features enhance the overall experience. For a lasting and stylish kitchen upgrade, quartz sinkware is a reliable choice.

Cons of quartz kitchen sinks

Cost

The only con of quartz kitchen sinks is that they are slightly more expensive. Although a lot more affordable than fireclay kitchen sinks and other premium materials, quartz is slightly more expensive than stainless steel equivalents. The benefit of their sleeker yet understated design, and high durability, justify this additional expense.

Other important info about quartz sinks

Do quartz kitchen sinks scratch?

The main concern I hear people raise when you mention a black or white kitchen sink is a fear of them scratching but quartz sinks are scratch resistant. Personally, I&#;ve had my sink for over 4 years and do all of my dishes by hand &#; and there&#;s not one scratch, dent or imperfection.

Can quartz kitchen sinks crack?

Quartz is one of the most durable materials available. It can withstand the highest temperatures and is resistant to stains, scratches, dents and chips. Quartz sinks are made with a composite of quartz and acrylic (generally 80% quartz and 20% acrylic), which offers strength and flexibility, making them highly unlikely to crack. Hafele are so sure of the quality of their German quartz sinks that they back it with a 20-year warranty on manufacturing defects.

If you love the look and durability of quartz kitchen sinks, you can browse the new range at Hafele on their website here or pop into their nearest showroom.

Do you have any questions about quartz sinks we didn&#;t cover? Pop it in the comments section below and we&#;ll get back to you asap. 

This article was first published in February and continues to be updated with latest information.

Contact us to discuss your requirements of Composite Quartz Stone(ar,ru,ko). Our experienced sales team can help you identify the options that best suit your needs.