Sep. 23, 2024
In this article, we discuss lithium battery production by country. If you want to read about some top countries in terms of lithium battery production, go directly to Lithium Battery Production by Country: Top 5 Countries.
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Several countries are key players in the battery tech manufacturing industry and claim a major share of the global market. These countries are home to large battery manufacturers, and often have well-developed supply chains and infrastructure to support the production of batteries on a large scale. Some of the key battery tech manufacturing countries include China, Japan, South Korea, the United States, Germany, and India. These countries have big EV firms like Tesla, Inc. (NASDAQ:TSLA), Ford Motor Company (NYSE:F), and XPeng Inc. (NYSE:XPEV).
We talked about the 10 most advanced battery technologies in a separate article in detail. Battery tech manufacturers are situated around the world, and they produce a wide range of battery types, including lithium-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries, and nickel-metal hydride batteries, among others. Many small countries are also involved in the production and development of batteries. As technology is emerging, many countries across the globe are beginning to enter the battery manufacturing industry.
Chinese firms dominate the electric vehicle (EV) battery market, accounting for 56% of the market share. Four of the ten largest battery manufacturers are based in China. South Korean companies and Japanese firms also have a significant presence in the market. Several major battery companies are based in the United States, including QuantumScape, A123 Systems, Enovix, SES AI, and Amprius Tech.
Considering lithium reserves, Chile has the largest known reserves of lithium in the world, with a total of 8 million tons. This puts it ahead of other countries with significant reserves, such as Australia (2.7 million tons), Argentina (2 million tons), and China (1 million tons). In Europe, Portugal also has smaller deposits of lithium.
The global battery technology market size is expected to grow from $95.7 billion in to $136.6 billion by at a compound annual growth rate of 7.4%. The adoption of electric and hybrid vehicles and the increasing usage of wearable devices are responsible for the growth of the battery technology market size. Some other sectors, such as solar and wind energy systems, are also emerging and the world is making its way towards environment-friendly energy.
The global adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), falling battery prices and increased investment by top automobile OEMs are what are fueling the growth of the total EV battery industry. Additional factors include increased investments in expanding lithium-ion battery capacity, the expansion of battery-as-a-service systems, and rising acceptance of electric mobility in emerging nations, all of which present major market prospects.
The factors that limit the global EV market include the less energy-dense batteries and probable shortage of lithium mining capacity, and possible safety concerns with EV batteries are posing a threat to the market's expansion for EV batteries. Considering the EV battery production by country, with a 56% market share, Chinese companies lead the industry. China is home to many in the top 10 battery producers list. Japanese and South Korean businesses are likewise well-represented in the sector. Furthermore, Chinese battery is also leading in the battery supply chain, mining metals and refining battery components, etc.
Korean companies contributed a 26% share in global EV battery production last year. Samsung SDI, SK On and LG Energy Solutions are a few notable contributors to the market. The aforementioned companies provide EV batteries to automotive giants such as Tesla, Ford Motors and General Motors. Japanese companies are another key player in EV battery production with 10% of the total EV production worldwide. Companies such as Panasonic ranks 4th among the world&#;s largest battery-producing companies.
Around 948 GWh of lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery capacity is currently deployed globally. Out of this, the global EV battery production capacity is almost 274 GWh. If the recent trends in the adoption of EVs and E-mobility are considered, several thousand GWh of batteries will also be needed to accommodate the tens of millions of EVs that will be added each year.
Between and , the demand for Li-ion batteries from light vehicles will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of about 40%, reaching roughly 2,050 GWh as predicted by S&P Global Mobility. In the same time frame, installed battery capacity will increase by 23.5% CAGR to 3,371 GWh in .
The Asia-Pacific region again takes the lead when the largest lithium battery producers are concerned. Several major companies in the list of largest lithium battery producers are from China. Notable names include CATL and BYD with a total production capacity of 137.7 GWh and 51.5 GWh respectively in the year . The US was able to produce 44 GWh of lithium-ion batteries in , and by , that capacity is expected to increase to 91 GWh. The development of technology in the US has had a significant impact on battery production as well. The US provided the majority of cutting-edge battery technology.
Our Methodology
These were picked from a careful assessment of the battery industry. The details of each battery tech country are mentioned alongside a discussion around top firms in the sector in order to provide readers with some context for their investment decisions. The countries have been ranked according to their share of global lithium-ion battery manufacturing capacity in .
Lithium Battery Production By Country: Top 12 CountriesShare of global lithium-ion battery manufacturing capacity in : 0.1%
In , Western Australian mines produced about half the world's lithium, at an estimated 55,000 metric tons. Recent years have seen an increased number of lithium battery manufacturing facilities begin their production in Australia. This lithium is used for electric vehicles and other product batteries. Australia&#;s lithium production is set to increase by 24.5% to 68.45 thousand tonnes in . Lithium output is expected to increase at a compound annual growth rate of 14.2% to 116.24 kt in .
Pilbara Minerals is the biggest lithium mining company in Australia. Pilbara produces over 377,000 metric tons of lithium every year. Greenbushes is Australia's largest lithium mine, of the 55,000 tonnes of lithium mining in the country in . In Australia has supplied roughly half of the world&#;s lithium.
Australia also has dozens of new battery startups. Evergreen, Greensync, Carnegie Clean Energy, RayGen, Bell Resources and Graphene Manufacturing Group Ltd are a few famous ones. Energy Renaissance produces climate-optimized lithium-ion batteries for domestic and commercial users in Australia. The biggest battery in the world is in Australia named The Victorian Big Battery. This battery can store enough energy to power more than one million Victorian homes for 30 minutes. The battery has a capacity of 100 MW/129 MWh and can provide critical grid support services, such as frequency control and ancillary services, to help stabilize the grid during times of high demand.
Just like Tesla, Inc. (NASDAQ:TSLA) and Ford Motor Company (NYSE:F) in the US and XPeng Inc. (NYSE:XPEV) in China, Australia is also home to some of the largest battery firms in the world.
Share of global lithium-ion battery manufacturing capacity in : 0.3%
UK has several EV battery companies such as British Volt, Aceleron, Williams Advanced Engineering, Zenobe, Moixa and Oxis Energy etc. As the world is gradually shifting from fossil fuels to renewable energy resources, the UK government plans to ban the sale of diesel and petroleum cars by . Hence, there is a growing demand for batteries in automobiles, aerospace, electrical utilities and other related sectors.
The government of the UK has promised nearly £500 million in the next four years for mass-scale production of batteries. British Volt has plans for a £2.6bn Gigafactory in Northumberland on the site of the former Blyth Power Station. The Company will produce 300,000 lithium-ion battery packs each year. These will be supplied to the automobile electric industry.
Share of global lithium-ion battery manufacturing capacity in : 0.6%
Sweden is home to several EV battery companies. Sweden's auto market recorded an electric vehicle share of 46.1% in August as fully electric cars grew their shares. In August, Volvo Group began the process to establish a large-scale battery cell factory in Sweden. The company plans to gradually increase capacity and reach large-scale series production by . The battery cells will be manufactured specifically for commercial vehicle applications, busses, trucks and electric drivelines for other different applications. Volvo said that by , at least 35% of their products will be electric.
Northvolt AB is a Swedish battery maker and plans to deliver batteries with an 80% lower carbon footprint. Northvolt has a target of 150GWh for annual cell output by . Northvolt Ett will produce 16GWh of battery capacity per year. The company will scale up its production at a later stage to potentially 40GWh.
Share of global lithium-ion battery manufacturing capacity in : 1.6%
When it comes to technology and innovation in the electric vehicle sector, Germany is one of the leading countries in it. The country is home to some of the best electric vehicle makers including Volkswagen and Tesla. Millions of tons of lithium are mined in places far away from Germany to produce lithium-ion batteries every year. These batteries are used in electric vehicles, grid energy storage and wearable technology.
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Scientists at KTI have invented a minimally invasive technology to mine lithium in geothermal plants in Germany. Using this technology thousands of tons of lithium could be extracted from the German and French Upper Rhine trench every year.
The government of Germany has approved a plan to spend $6.1 billion over three years to increase the number of charging points for electric vehicles across the country. The country will increase its charging stations by 14 times. Germany has 70,000 charging stations now and plans to reach 1 million by . The country also plans to have fifteen million electric vehicles on the road by . Currently, there are 1.5 million electric vehicles in Germany.
Share of global lithium-ion battery manufacturing capacity in : 2.4%
Japan has highly profited from the increasing demand for EV batteries and consumer electronics. Japan is producing batteries worth nearly 930 billion Japanese yen (JPY) yearly. The battery producer covers the entire battery industry by producing batteries from watch button cells to lead acid car batteries. Japan has produced more than JPY 436 billion worth of batteries for electric vehicles. Nickel metal hydride batteries are worth 209 billion JPY. Lead acid batteries made by Japan are worth JPY 154 billion.
Some of the world&#;s biggest battery companies are located in Japan including Panasonic, Murata, Kyocera, Toshiba, ELIIY Power, FDK, Mitsubishi and EV Energy. Panasonic has a market share of 10%. In , it was the only company to supply batteries to Tesla. It is working with Tesla to start production of its new battery, which is more than double in diameter compared to standard batteries. Panasonic has shipped more than 200 billion batteries across the globe since . The company will triple its battery production by .
In addition to Tesla, Inc. (NASDAQ:TSLA) and Ford Motor Company (NYSE:F) in the US and XPeng Inc. (NYSE:XPEV) in China, Japan is also home to some of the largest battery firms in the world.
Click to continue reading and see Lithium Battery Production by Country: Top 5 Countries.
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Disclosure. None. Lithium Battery Production By Country: Top 12 Countries is originally published on Insider Monkey.
February 12,
Lithium is an essential component of clean energy technologies, from electric vehicles (EVs) to the big batteries used to store electricity at power plants. It is an abundant mineral, but to be used it must be extracted from the earth and processed.
Today, there are two main ways to pull lithium from the ground. Until recently, most lithium mining occurred in Chile, where lithium is extracted from brines: salty liquid found at the Earth&#;s surface or underground. To extract lithium, that liquid is pumped from the earth and then placed in pools where the water can evaporate, leaving behind lithium and other elements.
Elsewhere, lithium mining looks more traditional. In , Australia overtook Chile as the dominant lithium producer. Companies there blast a lithium-rich mineral called spodumene out of open pits. Today, Australia produces roughly half of the globe&#;s supplies.1 More than 80 percent of that rock then travels to China, where it&#;s further processed to yield lithium.2
Though Australia and Chile dominate production, the rise of clean energy has spurred a growing hunger for lithium, so other mining operations have cropped up in numerous other places. Global lithium production has grown from about 37,000 tonnes a decade ago to 130,000 tonnes in .1,3
&#;We've just seen an explosion of proposed projects in the planning, piloting, demonstration stage across a much wider array of countries,&#; says Caroline White-Nockleby, a PhD candidate who studies renewable energy transitions in MIT&#;s doctoral program in History; Anthropology; and Science, Technology, and Society.
Both brine and hard rock mining come with environmental and social costs. Sixty percent of the world&#;s lithium stores are located in brine deposits in South America&#;s &#;lithium triangle,&#; sometimes in ecologically sensitive areas.4 Mining of all kinds can disturb landscapes. And though hard rock mining uses more freshwater, both types of mining require significant water use, a resource that may be scarce in certain mining regions.5 In areas of lithium extraction from brine, brine loss is also significant, says White-Nockleby. Because brine is often not considered freshwater suitable for human use, it may have fewer regulatory protections, though mining from it can still impact ecosystems and communities.6
When it comes to energy use, brine mining, which largely uses energy from the sun, is much less intensive than hard rock mining, which requires heavy machinery to dig up and crush rock. The energy used by mining machinery creates climate pollution like carbon dioxide, which warms the planet. A study found that lithium concentration and production from brine can create about 11 tons of carbon dioxide per ton of lithium, while mining lithium from spodumene ore releases about 37 tons of CO2 per ton of lithium produced.5
The social impacts of lithium mining depend on how mining companies behave and how governments regulate them. Ideally, communities that host lithium mining would share in the economic benefits, and not be left on their own to deal with cleanup and the loss of local resources&#;though this is far from always the case. Last year, California, where companies are planning to extract lithium from brine, created a law to try to redirect some future mining profits towards local communities. The government will tax lithium extraction at $400 to $800 per ton, which will go to environmental restoration and community benefit projects, as well as directly to counties impacted by extraction.7
The impacts of this policy are yet to be seen, and White-Nockleby urges caution as companies propose more extraction projects across the globe. "Historically and today, lithium mining has disproportionately affected low-income and marginalized communities, and has also often impacted lands with cultural importance to Indigenous communities," she says. &#;It's important that communities be a part of any lithium mining planning process from the very beginning. People always have the right to reject an extraction project.&#;
New methods of lithium extraction, which may use less energy and resources, are also being pioneered. In &#;direct lithium extraction,&#; specialized filters are used to separate lithium from brine. The process can have a smaller footprint than traditional brine operations, and water can be recycled in the process. White-Nockleby says some companies are also investigating how to pull lithium from old mine waste.
We can also make it easier to mine lithium responsibly, says White-Nockleby, if we find ways to build a new clean energy economy with less lithium. That could involve encouraging people to use public transit (instead of personal cars), minimizing the size of EV batteries, and recycling lithium from old batteries. A study found that measures like this could reduce U.S. lithium demand by between 18 and 92 percent, while still letting us pursue our climate goals.8
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