Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) | HIV Risk and Prevention

Author: Janey

May. 13, 2024

Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) | HIV Risk and Prevention

Pre-exposure prophylaxis, commonly referred to as PrEP, is a medication regimen designed to prevent HIV infection. This preventive measure is exceptionally effective if taken as prescribed.

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  • When adhered to as directed, PrEP lowers the risk of contracting HIV through sexual activity by approximately 99%.
  • For those who inject drugs, PrEP reduces the risk of HIV infection by at least 74%.

It's important to note that PrEP's efficacy diminishes if not taken as prescribed. Since PrEP only offers protection against HIV, using condoms remains crucial to guard against other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and to provide an additional layer of HIV prevention if PrEP isn't taken consistently.

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Understanding PrEP's Role in HIV Prevention: Insights from PAHO/WHO

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a daily HIV prevention medication that, when used consistently, decreases the risk of HIV transmission through sexual intercourse by more than 90%. The World Health Organization (WHO) advises that PrEP should be taken daily by individuals at a significant risk of HIV infection to achieve the highest level of medication in the bloodstream and tissues, thereby ensuring maximal protection. Missing a dose occasionally might still offer protection if PrEP is taken daily.

Why PrEP is a Critical Component in HIV Prevention Strategies

In July 2017, the WHO published a comprehensive guide for the implementation of PrEP programs. This document provides strategic recommendations for deploying PrEP based on current evidence and practical experiences. The guide serves a wide audience, including healthcare providers, educators, community activists, counselors, opinion leaders, pharmacists, regulatory bodies, program planners, evaluators, and the PrEP users themselves, especially targeting adolescents and young adults.

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Frequently Asked Questions About PrEP

Who should consider taking PrEP?

PrEP is recommended for individuals at high risk of HIV exposure, including those with an HIV-positive partner, people who engage in unprotected sex, or those who share injection drug equipment.

How effective is PrEP when taken as prescribed?

When taken daily as directed, PrEP can reduce the risk of sexually acquired HIV by up to 99% and by at least 74% for those who inject drugs.

What are the potential side effects of PrEP?

Most individuals tolerate PrEP well, but some may experience mild side effects such as nausea or headaches, which typically resolve over time. Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is necessary to monitor any potential long-term effects.

Do I still need to use condoms if I’m on PrEP?

Yes, using condoms is still important as PrEP does not protect against other STIs and provides additional HIV prevention support if PrEP adherence is inconsistent.

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