Aug. 19, 2024
Having written a comprehensive review of tent design, several people asked if I could write something similar about tent fabrics. This was a subject, at the outset, which I knew rather less about. However having spend eight years as a material scientist working with powders I have been pleasantly surprised how this skill set has transferred and been valuable when reading around the topic of tent fabrics. As with my original article my aim is to present the facts objectively and without bias. I am simply a hill walking & backpacking enthusiast of long standing with a background in chemical and material sciences but no professional or financial interest in the tent industry.
I am going to limit myself to the fabrics used with modern backpacking tents, if you want to know more about cotton canvas, this is not the article for you. Let&#;s start with some definitions to help you read the tent makers specifications and sift out the facts from the hype.
Denier &#; This is a comparative measure of the thickness of the fibres from which a fabric is made. It is the mass, in grams, of a m length of the fibre. The definition stems from the fact the m of single fibre of silk weighs one gram. If all else is equal, then the higher the denier the stronger the fabric. By definition, higher denier fabrics are heavier. But as we shall come to see, fibres made from different materials have different strengths.
Thread Count &#; This is the total number of threads (total of vertical and horizontal) within a square inch. Again if all else is equal, the higher the value, the stronger the fabric. Thread count is not universally quoted with tent fabrics.
Tensile strength &#; the force required to rip a sample when force is applied to opposing ends of the sample. This is a more useful measure than either Denier or Thread Count when comparing tent fabrics.
Specific strength &#; The tensile strength per unit weight of a material of the same dimensions and critically, thickness.
Ripstop &#; this is a fabric which periodically has a stronger fibre added into the weave with the aim that any tear be unable to propagate beyond that fibre.
Hydrostatic head (HH) &#; It is measured as a length, representing the maximum height of a vertical column of water that could be placed on top of the fabric before water started seeping through the weave. Whilst a HH of > mm may seem extreme at the outset, remember that HH is really a measure of pressure and the pressure on a tent fabric can be increased by wind-speed on the fly, or weight applied to the groundsheet.
Coating &#; a second material applied to the surface of fabric to change its material properties. In the case of tent fabric this is usually something applied to make it waterproof. Whilst historical fabrics such as canvas were intrinsically water resistant, modern fabrics rely on the coatings applied to make them waterproof, both polyester and nylon fabrics are not in themselves waterproof.
Today&#;s tents are generally made from one of three fabrics, polyester, nylon or DCF (Dyneema Composite Fabric). Each have their good and bad points. If you are looking for a lightweight backpacking tent in you will find that most are made from nylon with just a few made from DCF.
Polyester has a lower specific strength than nylon, so to be of the same strength it needs to be thicker and thus heavier. Whilst it is slowly degraded by UV light it is less susceptible than nylon. It&#;s highly significant advantage is that it does not stretch (significantly) when wetted. Traditionally cheaper tents has been made from polyester as the fabric itself is cheaper, but this comes at the cost of extra weight. The main reason it is cheaper is the scale on which it is made for other applications.
Because of it&#;s lower specific strength the lightest polyester fabric readily available is 20 denier. By contrast, 7-10 denier nylon is common.
Nylon has a higher specific strength than polyester, is more flexible / pliable and is thus easier to pack down to a small volume. However, it does stretch when wetted (Nylon 6,6 by 2.5%) and holds more water within its structure and thus gains more weight when wet than polyester. It is also slowly degraded by UV light, but in fairness today&#;s buyer would be more likely to change their tent because of an improvement in design than due to fabric degradation. Where UV damage is more of an issue is at high altitudes, above m, where UV light is a stronger component of the light spectrum. This can be mitigated by choosing a fabric colour which absorbs less UV light. Apparently green and brown fabrics should be preferred over red or orange.
DCF, Dyneema Composite Fabric or Cuban Fibre is not strictly a fabric because it is not woven. Now I&#;d headed the etymologists off at the pass let me tell you what it actually is. It is a non-woven mat of UHMWPE (a type of polyethylene) sandwiched between two layers of polyester film. Typical of all composite materials it marries the qualities of two materials , the UHMWPE is a very strong but flexible fibre and the polyester film is both waterproof and water impermeable. A very similar composite material called Ultra is now being used for some tents made by Terra Nova.
The specific strength of DCF / Ultra is far higher than polyester or nylon fabrics. So for comparable strength DCF can be significantly thinner and approx. 35% lighter for the same strength. It does not stretch when wetted as it does not absorb any water at all. Thus it both dries quickly and does not get significantly heavier when wet. It does not stretch under strain either so anchor points have to be stronger as they take all the force, it is not dissipated across the body of the fabric. DCF seams are commonly bonded rather than sewn, eliminating any need for seam sealing.
So is DCF / Ultra the fabric of our dreams? That depends on your application and your budget. It is considerably more expensive that Si-nylon (200-300%) and whilst it has a very high tear strength, because of it&#;s nature and thickness (or the lack thereof) it is far more easily punctured than the other options. It also has a lower abrasion resistance because it is a film rather than a fabric. It can be very easily field repaired, but that is likely to be required more often than you might hope.
Both polyester and nylon need to be coated to make them waterproof, DCF does not. The same coating options exist for both.
This is usually applied to the inside of the fabric and bonds to it&#;s surface. A significant benefit is that seam tape can be stuck to the PU and thus the seams can be readily sealed. PU hydrolyses with time (reacts with water to break down) and this will eventually cause it to delaminate and fail. That said my Si coated / PU lined Solar 2 flysheet lasted 15 years before it started to fail.
Silicone coating
Silicone coatings soak into the weave of the fabric and actually increase it&#;s strength. This is true for both polyester and nylon. They are far more chemically stable than PU and thus have a greater lifetime. The only downside is that because of their &#;slippery&#; nature they cannot accept seam tape*. Brush-on seam sealant is available but is usually expected to be applied by the buyer rather than the manufacturer. Some tent manufactures overcome the seam issue by designing the seam positions to reduce the water loading onto the seam. Hilleberg uses specially cooled needles for flysheet seam sewing which leads to holes small enough not to allow water to pass through them.
*Thanks to recent development work at Vaude a way to apply seam tape to Si-Nylon has been developed, but is currently (Feb-20) unique to them. In parallel with this they have also started offering bonded rather than stitched seams on a couple of their flysheets which they describe as seamless. A bonded seam does not, in theory require secondary sealing it should be fundamentally water tight.
Silicone coatings are more expensive than PU as you might imagine, and designing out the seam issue comes also at an added cost. However, if your budget allows, silicone is the superior coating because it adds strength, allowing for lighter base fabrics and has a longer service life.
Dual coatings
Some manufacturers apply PU to the inside of the flysheet and silicone to the outside. I&#;ve read extensively and can see only one reason why this might be considered technically superior. That is that it allows for factory seam taping. I cannot help but think that the primary driver is cost.
The groundsheet of a tent needs to be more robust that the fly and this is achieved by both higher denier fabric and the application of a greater number of layers of waterproof coating. The groundsheet does not need to have a 5-10 meter hydrostatic head for the purpose of keeping the water out, but this comes as a bonus once you&#;ve made your floor robust enough for it&#;s duty.
The inner tent fabric is something that is little discussed, but experience has taught me that it is advantageous for this to have some form of water repellent coating (DWR). A fabric that wets less easily will dry more quickly (because the water transport coefficient of a material is proportional to contact angle since you asked!) and this can be very handy if you have a damp inner tent because you have packed it next to the condensation left on your fly. I favour &#;all in one&#; pitching / striking and find it takes &#; 20 min for my inner tent to become totally dry post a re-pitch. Having reviewed the websites of a wide range of manufacturers I only found one which claims this feature. Others may offer it, but they certainly don&#;t shout about it. Perhaps spraying your inner tent with Nikwax Direct would be worthy of consideration?
So what is the best flysheet option? That depends on your planned application and your budget. When choosing a tent I would be guided primarily by design, Unless you are buying a ripped off design made in the Far East you should expect a well designed tent to have an appropriately specified materials. A strong fabric with poorly re-enforced guying points which are badly positioned will not make the most of even the best fabric. Once you have chosen the design that fits your application, then your choice of manufacturer is likely to be primarily influenced by your budget and weight target. It is an eternal truth that less is more! Some manufacturers offer different ranges of the same designs with cheaper heavier models and more expensive light-weight versions.
[] If you are fastidiously careful, want to travel very light and have very deep pockets then you might well consider DCF / Ultra as your tent fabric.
[] If you favour peace of mind and longevity then silicone coated nylon is probably for you.
[] I hope that if you are buying on a budget that this article will allow you to see the strengths & weaknesses of cheaper materials and ensure that your chosen supplier has compensated appropriately. 70D polyester in place of 40D nylon for example. Remember that the lower price is a strength if it is what makes your adventure possible.
Finally, the research behind this article suggests that there is a gap in the market for someone to develop a stronger low denier polyester fabric. There are a couple of niche manufacturers who offer 20D Si-polyester based flysheets (TrekkerTent, The Tent Lab) which may offer you the sweet-spot between weight, strength and a nice taut pitch.
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When it comes to event protection, not all tents are created equal.
Understanding the importance of high-quality materials is key to choosing the best and most durable option. From lightweight tent materials to top-quality fabrics, opting for a commercial-grade tent ensures superior quality and performance. By selecting tents crafted from heavy-duty materials, you can have confidence in their durability and reliability, providing a safe and enjoyable experience for your events.
With durable party tents, you can trust in their ability to withstand various weather conditions and deliver an impressive shelter for your guests. The premium tent fabrics and sturdy tent poles contribute to the tent&#;s durability, ensuring it can handle wind, rain, and other environmental factors.
When it comes to hosting events, choosing a tent made from superior materials is a wise investment that guarantees long-lasting performance and peace of mind.
6 Tent Material Features to Consider for the Best Fit
Choosing the ideal tent for your event involves careful consideration of various material features. From fire compliance to weather resistance, these factors significantly impact a tent&#;s performance and durability. By understanding these key elements, you can make an informed decision and select a tent that perfectly aligns with your needs.
Flame retardancy:
When selecting a tent, it&#;s crucial to ensure compliance with local fire regulations and pass inspections. We recommend researching the specific requirements in your area to guarantee compliance. Our tents are crafted using flame-resistant fabric that meets or exceeds the NFPA 701-2 standards, providing you with peace of mind and ensuring a safe and secure event.
UV Resistance:
UV resistant fabric
prevents issues leading to fading, weakening, and ultimately reducing the lifespan of the tent top.
This is particularly important for outdoor tents, as they are constantly exposed to UV rays during events and extended periods of use.
Denier:
The
denier
of your tent fabric is an important factor to consider for its strength. Denier refers to a thread&#;s weight and thickness, with higher denier indicating a stronger material. Choosing a lower denier rating may lead to reduced sturdiness and compromise the tent's longevity, making it susceptible to wear and tear. At American Tent, our fabrics have a robust
denier, the highest available for laminated vinyl.Fabric Weight:
This measurement determines the fabric&#;s thickness and durability, with a higher ounce rating indicating a heavier and more durable fabric. 16 oz. PVC vinyl is strong and dependable,
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providing excellent protection against the elements. Opting for lighter weight material may compromise durability over time.Translucency:
When selecting a tent fabric, it&#;s important to consider the desired amount of light that passes through the material. If you prefer a bright and airy atmosphere, a lightweight material that allows light to shine through can create a beautiful ambiance. On the other hand, if shade is a priority, a blockout material that blocks the sun&#;s rays can provide much-needed relief from the heat. For a unique experience, a completely clear tent top offers the opportunity to enjoy nature and surroundings while staying protected.
Country of Origin:
When it comes to your tent, consider the benefits of using American-made vinyl. Renowned for its superior quality, durability, and reliability,
American-made materials
ensure your tent stands up to the test of time.
By supporting local manufacturers, you can trust in the craftsmanship and quality control standards.
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4 Benefits of Selecting the Best Tent Material
When it comes to planning a special event, peace of mind is invaluable. That&#;s why investing in a tent made from the best materials available is essential for a flawless celebration. By choosing top-quality tents, you can enjoy a safe, protected, and convenient occasion that exceeds your expectations.With superior tent fabrics, your tent will offer enhanced durability, ensuring it can withstand the elements and provide a secure shelter for your guests. Don&#;t compromise on the quality of your tent - opt for the best materials and enjoy your special occasion.
Code Compliance:
Rest assured that your tent meets all local regulations and if fully
code compliant
. It&#;s crucial to understand that regulations may differ from one location to another, so we recommend reaching out to your local officials or fire marshal to learn about the specific requirements in your area.
Weather Resistance:
Ensure the utmost comfort for your guests during your special occasion with a reliable tent that shields them from the elements.
Look for a tent made with waterproof materials to keep everyone dry in rainy conditions.
Additionally, prioritize a strong and sturdy construction that can withstand gusts of wind, providing a safe and secure environment.
Longevity:
When investing in a tent, it&#;s important to think beyond just the immediate event and consider its long-term durability. Look for materials that can withstand the test of time and extend the lifespan of your tent. Opt for commercial-grade vinyl that resists wear and tear
ensuring it won&#;t break down after just a couple uses.Availability:
When it comes to last-minute events, having readily available and high-quality tent fabric is crucial. Opting for American-made materials offer the advantage of both superior quality and accessibility. By choosing locally sourced materials, you can avoid delays associated with international shipping and have confidence knowing that
your tent will be ready when you need it.
5 Tent Materials to Review & Select From
Tent manufacturers offer a wide range of options when it comes to tent fabrics, catering to different preferences and requirements. Traditional tent fabric like a canvas tent or a nylon tent offer their unique advantages, while other tent materials like vinyl and eco-friendly fabrics provide innovative solutions.
When exploring different tent fabrics for your event, consider factors such as durability, weather resistance, ease of maintenance, and environmental impact. By carefully assessing your needs, you can choose the perfect tent fabric that aligns with your event's vision and ensures a successful outdoor experience.
Laminated Vinyl Tents:
Laminated vinyl is a type of material that undergoes a process where layers of PVC film and a scrim are fused together using heat and pressure. This process enhances the material's weight, UV protection, abrasion resistance, and glossiness. Laminated vinyl is fire retardant, water-resistant, and offers cost advantages compared to other tent materials. Due to its exceptional qualities, it is a popular choice at American Tent.
Polyester Tents:
Polyester, made from lightweight and affordable fabric, is commonly used for camping gear and outdoor activities. However, when it comes to your party or celebration, a polyester tent may not be the best choice. Compared to a weekend camping trip, party tent materials require superior durability and longevity to withstand frequent use and exposure to various elements.
Canvas Tents:
Today, cotton canvas is less frequently used in commercial tent manufacturing due to its limited weather resistance. While it is a natural and eco-friendly material that provides insulation against external sounds, untreated canvas tents have inherent weatherproof qualities and require additional precautions. The density and weight of a canvas tent make the setup and transportation process more cumbersome compared to lighter fabrics.
Nylon Tents:
While nylon is a lightweight and durable fabric, it may not be the best option for larger commercial tents or events. Although nylon tents are popular as lightweight backpacking tents due to their portability and ripstop fabric, they can be more susceptible to damage from strong winds and debris. Nylon's stretchability and strength are suitable for small tent panels, but they may not provide the necessary durability and stability required for larger tents.
Polypropylene Tents:
The use of sustainable materials in tent manufacturing has become increasingly important to reduce environmental impact. One such eco-friendly option is polypropylene fabric, introduced in the Renegade series tarp as an alternative to PVC. This recyclable material aligns with efforts to offer more environmentally conscious choices. In addition to being durable and flexible, polypropylene fabrics are fire-retardant and emit no fumes, making them suitable for tents and fabric structures.
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Taking Care of Your Tent to Increase Longevity
To extend the lifespan of your tent and protect your investment, it&#;s important to take a few essential steps.
During both installation and takedown, using a drop cloth as a protective barrier between your tent top and the ground is a simple yet effective measure. This prevents potential stains and pinholes that can compromise the appearance and functionality of your tent. By maintaining a pristine and hole-free tent, you ensure its longevity for many future uses.
After each use, proper cleaning is essential. Use gentle cleaning materials and non abrasive scrubbing tools to remove any dirt or debris from your tent. Ensure it is completely dry before storing to prevent the growth of mold and mildew.
To ensure suitable storage of your tent, designate a cool and dry space exclusively for its safekeeping. Avoid overcrowding the area with other items that could potentially cause harm to the tent&#;s canopy or frame. By providing ample space and protecting it from unnecessary damage, you maintain the integrity of your event tent.
While even the best tents can experience wear and tear, minor issues like small holes or tears can be easily addressed with a patch kit. Patch kits allow you to repair minor issues and maintain the functionality of your tent for future events. If you believe it&#;s time for a new tent top, don&#;t hesitate to contact us to explore your options and find the perfect replacement.
Which Tent Material is Best & How to Choose?
When selecting a commercial-grade tent material, it's crucial to consider the following factors to ensure durability and protection:
Most commercial tents are constructed from laminated vinyl, and the weight of the vinyl reflects its strength. Choose a material with a weight of 16 oz. or higher for a long-lasting and robust tent.
The denier of the material determines its strength based on how closely the fibers are stitched together. Look for a tent material with a denier rating of 1,000 for optimal performance.
To guarantee your tent can withstand various conditions, look for qualities such as flame retardancy, UV resistance, and resistance to mold and mildew.
A durable commercial-grade tent material will provide a safe and secure environment for your event, ensuring it remains intact and functional throughout the occasion.
By carefully considering these factors, you can confidently choose a commercial-grade tent material that will meet your specific needs and deliver exceptional performance for your occasions.
Expertly Crafted Tents with Top-Quality Tent Fabric
Discovering the ideal tent material is crucial for your next event. From sturdy laminated vinyl to eco-friendly polypropylene, each tent fabric brings something special. Take your time to find the perfect fit that meets the needs of your event.
The material's quality impacts the tent's performance and its ability to withstand the elements. Opting for commercial-grade tents with top-quality fabric ensures a safe and enjoyable experience for your guests. Take time to explore options, seek expert advice, and choose the perfect tent material that elevates your event, creating cherished memories for all involved.
At American Tent, we take pride in crafting remarkable tents with American-made vinyl and materials, ensuring superior durability. Whether it's weddings, corporate events, or outdoor festivals, we've got the perfect tent for you. Get in touch with us and let us guide you to the ideal fabric and elevate your event to new heights.
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