May. 27, 2024
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Stay home and away from others (including people you live with who are not sick) if you have symptoms that aren&#;t better explained by another cause.
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Seek health care promptly for testing and/or treatment if you have risk factors for severe illness; treatment may help lower your risk of severe illness.
COVID-19, cold, allergies, and the flu: What are the differences?
COVID-19, the common cold, seasonal allergies, and the flu have many similar symptoms. Find out some of the important differences between these illnesses.
If you have symptoms of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), it's important that you contact your health care professional right away for medical advice. But COVID-19, the common cold, seasonal allergies, and the flu, also called influenza, cause many similar symptoms. So how can you tell if you have COVID-19?
Understand the differences in symptoms that these illnesses cause. And find out how these illnesses spread, are treated, and can be prevented.
COVID-19 is a contagious respiratory disease caused by infection with the virus SARS-CoV-2. It usually spreads between people who are in close contact. The virus spreads through respiratory droplets released when someone breathes, coughs, sneezes, talks or sings. These droplets can land in the mouth or nose of someone nearby or be inhaled. The virus also can spread if you touch a surface or object with the virus on it and then touch your mouth, nose or eyes. But this risk is low.
The most common symptoms of COVID-19 are a fever, a cough and tiredness. But there are many other possible symptoms.
Many people with COVID-19 may have mild illness and can be treated with supportive care. Currently, a few medicines have been approved to treat COVID-19. No cure is available for COVID-19. Antibiotics aren't effective against viral infections such as COVID-19. Researchers are testing a variety of possible treatments.
Both COVID-19 and the common cold are caused by viruses. COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2, while the common cold is most often caused by rhinoviruses. All of these viruses spread in similar ways and cause many of the same symptoms. However, there are a few differences.
| Symptom | COVID-19 | Cold |
|---|---|---|
| Headache | Usually | Rare |
| Cough | Usually (dry) | Usually |
| Muscle aches | Usually | Sometimes |
| Tiredness | Usually | Sometimes |
| Sneezing | Rarely | Usually |
| Sore throat | Usually | Usually |
| Runny or stuffy nose | Usually | Usually |
| Fever | Usually | Sometimes |
| Diarrhea | Sometimes | Never |
| Nausea or vomiting | Sometimes | Never |
| New loss of taste or smell | Usually (early & often without a runny or stuffy nose) | Sometimes (especially with a stuffy nose) |
COVID-19 symptoms usually start 2 to 14 days after exposure to SARS-CoV-2. But symptoms of a common cold usually appear 1 to 3 days after exposure to a cold-causing virus.
There's no cure for the common cold. Treatment may include pain relievers and cold remedies available without a prescription, such as decongestants. Unlike COVID-19, a cold is usually harmless. Most people recover from a common cold in 3 to 10 days. But some colds may last as long as two or three weeks.
Unlike COVID-19, seasonal allergies aren't caused by a virus. Seasonal allergies are immune system responses triggered by exposure to allergens, such as seasonal tree or grass pollens.
| Symptom | COVID-19 | Allergy |
|---|---|---|
| Headache | Usually | Rare |
| Cough | Usually (dry) | Sometimes |
| Fever | Usually | Never |
| Muscle aches | Usually | Never |
| Tiredness | Usually | Sometimes |
| Itchy nose, eyes, mouth or inner ear | Never | Usually |
| Sneezing | Rarely | Usually |
| Sore throat | Usually | Rarely |
| Runny or stuffy nose | Usually | Usually |
| Pink eye (conjunctivitis) | Sometimes | Sometimes |
| Nausea or vomiting | Sometimes | Never |
| Diarrhea | Sometimes | Never |
| New loss of taste or smell | Usually (early & often without a runny or stuffy nose) | Sometimes |
COVID-19 can cause shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. But seasonal allergies don't usually cause these symptoms unless you have a respiratory condition such as asthma that can be triggered by pollen exposure.
Treatment of seasonal allergies may include nonprescription or prescription antihistamines, nasal steroid sprays and decongestants, and avoidance of exposure to allergens where possible. Seasonal allergies may last several weeks.
COVID-19 and the flu are both contagious respiratory diseases caused by viruses. COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The flu is caused by influenza A and B viruses. All of these viruses spread in similar ways.
COVID-19 and the flu cause similar symptoms. The diseases also can cause no symptoms or cause mild or severe symptoms. Because of the similarities, testing may be done to see if you have COVID-19 or the flu. You also can have both diseases at the same time. However, there are some differences.
| Symptom | COVID-19 | Flu |
|---|---|---|
| Headache | Usually | Usually |
| Cough | Usually (dry) | Usually |
| Muscle aches | Usually | Usually |
| Tiredness | Usually | Usually |
| Sore throat | Usually | Usually |
| Runny or stuffy nose | Usually | Usually |
| Fever | Usually | Usually |
| Nausea or vomiting | Sometimes | Sometimes (more common in children) |
| Diarrhea | Sometimes | Sometimes (more common in children) |
| Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing | Usually | Usually |
| New loss of taste or smell | Usually (early & often without a runny or stuffy nose) | Rarely |
COVID-19 symptoms generally appear 2 to 14 days after exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Flu symptoms usually appear about 1 to 4 days after exposure to an influenza virus.
COVID-19 can cause more-serious illnesses in some people than can the flu. Also, COVID-19 can cause different complications from those of the flu, such as blood clots, post-COVID conditions and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.
There are a few antiviral treatments for COVID-19. There are several antiviral drugs that can be used to treat the flu.
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Also, you can get an annual flu vaccine to help reduce your risk of the flu. The flu vaccine also can reduce the severity of the flu and the risk of serious complications. The vaccine can be given as a shot or as a nasal spray.
For COVID-19, you can get a COVID-19 vaccine to reduce the risk of getting seriously ill with COVID-19.
The COVID-19 vaccine can lower the risk of death or serious illness caused by COVID-19. It lowers your risk and lowers the risk that you may spread it to people around you. The CDC recommends a COVID-19 vaccine for everyone age 6 months and older.
The COVID-19 vaccines available in the United States are:
Get a flu vaccine too. Getting an annual flu vaccine will lower your risk of getting the flu. It can be given as a shot or as a nasal spray. The flu vaccine also lowers the chance you'll have a serious case of flu. It also lowers the risk of serious complications.
You can lower your risk of infection from the viruses that cause the common cold, flu and COVID-19 by following some standard safety measures.
Research suggests that following these measures, such as physical distancing and wearing a face mask, might have helped shorten the length of the flu season and lessened the number of people affected in the - flu season.
Follow these standard precautions:
The best way to prevent seasonal allergies is to avoid your known triggers. If you're allergic to pollen, stay inside with windows and doors closed when there's a lot of pollen in the air.
Wearing a face mask also might provide some protection against seasonal allergies. Masks can prevent you from inhaling some larger pollen particles. However, smaller pollen particles can get through a mask. It's also important to wash your mask after each use since a mask might carry pollen particles.
If you think you might have symptoms of COVID-19, talk to your health care professional. Remember, taking preventive measures can help you stay healthy.
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