Aug. 06, 2024
Agriculture
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Flue gas from London's Bankside Power Station,Flue gas is the gas exiting to the atmosphere via a flue, which is a pipe or channel for conveying exhaust gases, as from a fireplace, oven, furnace, boiler or steam generator. It often refers to the exhaust gas of combustion at power plants. Technology is available to remove pollutants from flue gas at power plants.
Combustion of fossil fuels is a common source of flue gas. They are usually combusted with ambient air, with the largest part of the flue gas from most fossil-fuel combustion being nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.
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Flue gas is the gas exiting to the atmosphere via a flue, which is a pipe or channel for conveying exhaust gases from combustion, as from a fireplace, oven, furnace, boiler or steam generator.[1]
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Quite often, the flue gas refers to the combustion exhaust gas produced at power plants. Its composition depends on what is being burned, but it will usually consist of mostly nitrogen (typically more than two-thirds) derived from the combustion of air, carbon dioxide (CO2), and water vapor as well as excess oxygen (also derived from the combustion air). It further contains a small percentage of a number of pollutants, such as particulate matter (like soot), carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides.[2]
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At power plants, flue gas is often treated with a series of chemical processes and scrubbers, which remove pollutants. Electrostatic precipitators or fabric filters remove particulate matter and flue-gas desulfurization captures the sulfur dioxide produced by burning fossil fuels, particularly coal.[3] Nitrogen oxides are treated either by modifications to the combustion process to prevent their formation, or by high temperature or catalytic reaction with ammonia or urea. In either case, the aim is to produce nitrogen gas, rather than nitrogen oxides. In the United States, there is a rapid deployment of technologies to remove mercury from flue gas&#;typically by absorption on sorbents or by capture in inert solids as part of the flue-gas desulfurization product. Such scrubbing can lead to meaningful recovery of sulfur for further industrial use.[4]
Technologies based on regenerative capture by amines for the removal of CO2 from flue gas have been deployed to provide high purity CO2 gas to the food industry, and for enhanced oil recovery. They are now under active research as a method for CO2 capture for long-term storage as a means of greenhouse gas remediation, and have begun to be implemented in a limited way commercially (e.g. the Sleipner West field in the North Sea, operating since ).[5]
There are a number of proven technologies for removing pollutants emitted from power plants that are now available. There is also much ongoing research into technologies that will remove even more air pollutants.[citation needed]
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Most fossil fuels are combusted with ambient air (as differentiated from combustion with pure oxygen). Since ambient air contains about 79 volume percent gaseous nitrogen (N2),[6][7] which is essentially non-combustible, the largest part of the flue gas from most fossil-fuel combustion is uncombusted nitrogen. Carbon dioxide (CO2), the next largest part of flue gas, can be as much as 10&#;25 volume percent or more of the flue gas. This is closely followed in volume by water vapor (H2O) created by the combustion of the hydrogen in the fuel with atmospheric oxygen. Much of the 'smoke' seen pouring from flue gas stacks is this water vapor, forming a cloud as it contacts cool air.
A typical flue gas from the combustion of fossil fuels contains very small amounts of nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter.[8] The nitrogen oxides are derived from the nitrogen in the ambient air, as well as from any nitrogen-containing compounds in the fossil fuel. The sulfur dioxide is derived from any sulfur-containing compounds in the fuels. The particulate matter is composed of very small particles of solid materials and very small liquid droplets which give flue gases their smoky appearance.
The steam generators in large power plants and the process furnaces in large refineries, petrochemical and chemical plants, and incinerators burn considerable amounts of fossil fuels and therefore emit large amounts of flue gas to the ambient atmosphere. The table below presents the total amounts of flue gas typically generated by the burning of fossil fuels such as natural gas, fuel oil and coal. The data were obtained by stoichiometric[9] calculations.[10]
The total amount of wet flue gas generated by coal combustion is only 10 percent higher than the flue gas generated by natural-gas combustion (the ratio for dry flue gas is higher).
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Desulphurization Pump
Desulfurization pumps are a type of industrial pump specifically designed for use in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems. Flue gas desulfurization is a process used to remove sulfur dioxide (SO2) from exhaust gases produced by the combustion of fossil fuels, particularly in power plants. The removal of sulfur dioxide is crucial for environmental reasons, as it helps reduce air pollution and the formation of acid rain. Desulphurization pump are corrosion-resistant pumps, mainly used for the transportation of corrosive liquids. It is a widely used pump among general equipment pumps. The desulfurization pump is usually a horizontal cantilever single-stage single-suction centrifugal pump, which is specially designed and developed for transporting corrosive media containing fine particles. The flow material of the desulfurization pump is required to be wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant.
Our desulfurization pumps are constructed with materials that resist corrosion and abrasion, such as high-chrome alloys or other wear-resistant materials.
Specialized seals and sealing systems are employed to prevent leakage and ensure the efficient operation of the pump over an extended period.
Given the critical nature of the desulfurization process, our pumps are designed for high reliability and extended service life.
The pumps are engineered to handle the specific characteristics of FGD slurry efficiently, minimizing energy consumption and optimizing overall system performance.
Desulfurization pumps are designed with considerations for the density and composition of the slurry, as well as the operating conditions within the FGD system.
SGB offers a comprehensive selection of dredger pumps designed to meet the demanding requirements of the dredging industry. Our products are built to handle a wide range of slurry pumping applications, including dredging, sand and gravel extraction, mining, and more.
Our Desulphurization pumps are specially designed to handle high-pressure slurry pumping applications, including the transportation of corrosive and abrasive materials. They are ideal for use in power plant desulphurization processes, where they can effectively pump limestone slurry and other abrasive materials.
Our Sludge Recirculation Pumps are designed to handle the transfer of sludge from one location to another, making them ideal for use in wastewater treatment plants, chemical processing facilities, and other applications. They are built to handle high volumes of sludge and are available in a variety of sizes and configurations to meet the specific needs of your application.
Whether you need a Desulphurization Pump, a Sludge Recirculation Pump, or any other type of dredger pump, SGB has the solutions you need to get the job done right. Contact us today to learn more about our products and services.
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